
Publications
Visual perception
- Kim. J. & Francis, G. (2011). Color selection, color capture, and afterimage filling-in. Journal of Vision, 11(3):22, Download from journal web site, doi:10.1167/11.3.23.
- Ruter, J., Francis, G., Frehe, P., & Herzog, M.H. (2011). Testing dynamical models of vision. Vision Research, 51, 343-351.
- Francis, G. & Wede, J. (2010). Properties of long-range illusory contours produced by offset-arcs. Perception, 30, 1466-1475.
- Francis, G., Bias, K. & Shive, J. (2010). The psychological four color mapping problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 16, 109-123.
- Francis, G. (2010). Modeling filling-in of afterimages. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 72, 19-22.
- Dombrowe, I., Hermens, F., Francis, G., & Herzog, M. H. (2009). The roles of mask luminance and perceptual grouping in visual backward masking. Journal of Vision, 9(11):22, 1-11, Download from journal web site, doi:10.1167/9.11.22.
- Hermens, F., Herzog, M.H. & Francis, G. (2009). Combining simultaneous with temporal masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(4), 977-988.
- Francis, G. (2009). Cortical dynamics of figure-ground segmentation: Shine-through. Vision Research, 49, 140-163. Download from Elsevier
- Francis, G. & Cho, Y. (2008). Effects of temporal integration on the shape of visual backward masking functions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 34, 1116-1128.
- Van Horn, D. R. & Francis, G. (2007). Orientation tuning of a two-stimulus afterimage: Implications for theories of filling-in. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 3, 375-387. Available at the journal web site.
- Wede, J. & Francis, G. (2007). Attentional effects on afterimages: Theory and data. Vision Research, 47, 2249-2258. Download from Science Direct
- Ansorge, U., Francis, G., Herzog, M. H. & Ogmen, H. (2007). Visual masking and the dynamics of human perception, cognition, and consciousness: A century of progress, a contemporary synthesis, and future directions. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 3, 1-8. Available at the journal web site.
- Francis, G. & Cho, Y. (2007). Testing models of object substitution with backward masking. Perception & Psychophysics, 69, 263-275. Download from IngentaConnect.
- Francis, G. (2007). What should a quantitative model of masking look like and why would we want it? Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 3, 21-31. Available at the journal web site.
- Duangudom, V., Francis, G. & Herzog, M. H. (2007). What is the strength of a mask in visual metacontrast masking? Journal of Vision, 7, 1-10. doi: 10.1167/7.1.7. Available at the journal web site.
- Wede, J. & Francis, G. (2006). The time course of visual afterimages: Data and theory. Perception, 35, 1155-1170. Download from Perception web.
- Francis, G. & Cho, Y. (2005). Quantitative models of backward masking. In H. Ogmen & B. Breitmeyer (Eds.) The First Half Second: The Microgenesis and Temporal Dynamics of Unconscious and Conscious Visual Processes, MIT Press.
- Francis, G. & Schoonveld, W. (2005). Using afterimages for orientation and color to explore mechanisms of visual filling-in. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 383-397. Download from Ingenta
- Pizlo, Z., Li, Y. & Francis, G. (2005) A new look at binocular stereopsis. Vision Research, 45, 2244-2255. Download from Elsevier
- Francis, G. & Ericson, J. (2004). Using afterimages to test neural mechanisms for perceptual filling-in. Neural Networks, 17, 737-752. Download from Science Direct.
- Francis, G., Rothmayer, M. & Hermens, F. (2004). Analysis and test of laws for backward (metacontrast) masking. Spatial Vision, 17, 163-186. Download PDF preprint.
- Francis, G. & Herzog, M. (2004). Testing quantitative models of backward masking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 104-112. Download PDF preprint.
- Francis, G. (2003). Online simulations of models for backward masking. Behavior, Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 35, 512-519. Download PDF preprint. Try the model simulations.
- Francis, G. (2003). Developing a new quantitative account of backward masking. Cognitive Psychology, 46, 198-226. Download PDF.
- Francis, G. & Rothmayer, M. (2003). Interactions of afterimages for orientation and color: Experimental data and model simulations. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 508-522. Download from IngentaConnect. See the afterimage.
- Francis, G. & Hermens, F. (2002). Comment on: Competition for consciousness among visual events: The psychophysics of reentrant visual processes, by Di Lollo, Enns and Rensink (2000). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131, 590-593. Download PDF preprint.
- Francis, G. (2002). Masking. In Lynn Nadel and Robert Goldstein (Eds.) , Encyclopedia of cognitive science. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
- Francis, G. & Kim, H. (2001). Perceived motion in orientational afterimages: Direction and speed. Vision Research, 41, 161-172. Download PDF.
- Francis, G. (2000). Quantitative theories of metacontrast masking. Psychological Review, 107, 768-785. Download PDF preprint.
- Kim, H. & Francis, G. (2000). Perceived motion in complementary afterimages: Verification of a neural network theory. Spatial Vision, 13, 67-86. Download PDF.
- Francis, G. & Kim, H. (1999). Motion parallel to line orientation: Disambiguation of motion percepts. Perception, 28, 1243-1255. Download PDF
- Francis, G. (1999). Spatial frequency and visual persistence: Cortical reset. Spatial Vision, 12, 31-50.
- Kim, H. & Francis, G. (1998). A computational and perceptual account of motion lines. Perception, 27, 785-797. Download PDF
- Francis, G. (1998). Neural network dynamics of cortical inhibition: Metacontrast masking. Journal of Information Sciences, 107, 287--296.
- Francis, G. (1997). Cortical dynamics of lateral inhibition: Metacontrast masking. Psychological Review, 104, 572-594
- Francis, G. (1996). "Neural network dynamics of inhibition: Metacontrast masking." In M. Gasser (Ed.), Online Proceedings of the 1996 Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Conference. URL http://www.cs.indiana.edu/event/maics96/Proceedings/Francis/francis.html
- Francis, G. (1996). Cortical dynamics of visual persistence and temporal integration. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 1203-1212.
- Francis, G. (1996). Cortical dynamics of lateral inhibition: Visual persistence and ISI. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 1103-1109.
- Francis, G. & Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamics of boundary segmentation and reset: Persistence, afterimages, and residual traces. Perception, 25, 543-567.
- Francis, G. & Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamcis of form and motion integration: Persistence, apparent motion, and illusory contours. Vision Research, 36, 149-174.
- Francis, G. (1995). Neural dynamics of cortical inhibition: Metacontrast masking. Proceedings of Second Annual Joint Conference on Information Sciences, 285--288.
- Francis, G. & Grossberg, S. (1994). How do representations of visual form organize our percepts of visual motion? Proceedings of the 1994 Cognitive Science Conference, 330-334.
- Francis, G., Grossberg, S., & Mingolla, E. (1994). Cortical dynamics of feature binding and reset: Control of visual persistence. Vision Research, 34 , 1089-1104.
- Francis, G. (1994). Cortical models of visual perception: Dynamics of form and motion segmentation. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation services.
- Francis, G., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1993). Dynamic formation and reset of coherent visual segmentations by neural networks. In R. Mammone (Ed.) Artificial Neural Networks for Speech and Vision. London: Chapman & Hall.
Human-computer interaction
- Francis, G. & Johnson, E. (in press). Speed-accuracy tradeoffs in specialized keyboards. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.04.002. Download from journal web site
- Francis, G., Rash, C. E. & Russo, M. B. (2009). The human-machine interface challenge. In (Eds. C.E. Rash, M.B. Russo, T.R Letowski, & E.T. Schmeisser), Helmet-Mounted Displays: Sensory, Perceptual and Cognitive Issues. U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory: Fort Rucker, AL. pp. 29--44.
- Francis, G. & Rash, C. E. (2009). Cognitive factors. In (Eds. C.E. Rash, M.B. Russo, T.R Letowski, & E.T. Schmeisser), Helmet-Mounted Displays: Sensory, Perceptual and Cognitive Issues. U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory: Fort Rucker, AL. pp. 29--44.
- Shive, J. & Francis, G. (2008). Applying models of visual search to map display design. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66, 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.08.004. Download from Science Direct.
- Francis, G. & Oxtoby, C. (2006). Building and testing optimized keyboards for specific text entry. Human Factors, 48, 279-287.
- Francis, G., & Rash, C. (2005). Analysis and design of keyboards for the AH-64D helicopter. Fort Rucker, Alabama: US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 2005-11. Download any USAARL Tech Report
- Francis, G. (2003). MFDTool: A software program for designing optimal multifunction displays. Behavior, Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 35, 236-243.
- Francis, G. & Rash, C. E. (2002). A software tool to optimize information on multifunction dispalys. Gateway, XIII, No. 3, pp. 3-4. Download any issue of Gateway.
- Francis, G., & Rash, C. E. (2002). MFDTool (Version 1.3): A software tool for optimizing hierarchical information on multifunction displays. USAARL Report, No. 2002-22. Fort Rucker, AL. U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. [MFDTool home page.] Download any USAARL Tech Report
- Francis, G., Rash, C. E., LeDuc, P. A., Adam, G. E., Archie, S. L., Lewis, L. J., Reynolds, B. S., & Suggs, C. L. (2002). A comparison of AH-64 pilot attitudes toward traditional and glass cockpit crewstation designs. USAARL Report, No. 2002-21. Fort Rucker, AL. U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. Download any USAARL Tech Report
- Liu, B., Francis, G. & Salvendy, G. (2002). Applying models of visual search to menu design. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 56, 307-330. Download PDF preprint.
- Francis, G. (2000). Designing multifunction displays: An optimization approach. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4, 107-124. Download PDF.
- Reardon, M. J. & Francis, G. (1999). Reducing the risk of aviator-multifunction display interface problems with human factor models and optimization design methods. SAFE Journal, 29, 100-106.
- Francis, G. (1999). A software tool for the design of multifunction displays. USAARL Report, No. 99-20. Fort Rucker, AL. U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. [MFDTool home page.]
- Francis, G. (1998). Designing optimal hierarchies for information retrieval with multifunction displays. USAARL Report, No. 98-33. Fort Rucker, AL. U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. Download any USAARL Tech Report
- Francis, G. (1997). Designing optimal hierarchies for information retrieval with multifunction displays. Final report DAAH04-96-C-0086, TCN 97065. U.S. Army Research Office.
- Francis, G. & Reardon, M. (1997). Aircraft multifunction display and control systems: A new quantitative human factors design method for organizing functions and display contents. USAARL Report, No. 97-18. Fort Rucker, AL. U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. Download any USAARL Tech Report
- Francis, G. & Reardon, M. (1996). Multifunction display design: A review of human factors issues and a new quantitative design method. Final report DAAL03-91-C-0034, TCN 96-062. U. S. Army Research Office.
Misc.
- Francis, G. (in press). Too good to be true: Publication bias in two prominent studies from experimental psychology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Download preprint.
- Francis, G., Neath, I., & Surprenant, A. (2000). The cognitive psychology online laboratory. In M. H. Birnbaum (Ed.) Psychological Experiments on the Internet. Academic Press. Introduction.
- Stevenson, A., Francis, G., & Kim, H. (1999). Java experiments for introductory psychology courses. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 99-106. CogLab home page.
- Francis, G. (1996). The stability--plasticity dilemma in competitive learning. Purdue Mathematical Psychology Program, Technical Report No. 96-2.
- Francis, G. (1994a). Neural networks for short term pattern storage. In Proceedings of the 1994 World Congress on Neural Networks, II, 454-459.
- Francis, G. and Fuller, K. (1991). Using neural networks to solve coding theory problems. Journal of Undergraduate Mathematics, 23 , 55-58.